{"id":86,"date":"2023-11-03T15:07:53","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T15:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/?page_id=86"},"modified":"2026-05-28T17:54:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T17:54:46","slug":"antitrust","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/antitrust\/","title":{"rendered":"Antitrust and Industrial Organization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Books<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Academic Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Rethinking Merger Analysis<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262049245\/rethinking-merger-analysis\/\">MIT Press<\/a>, 2024). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0262049244\/\">Amazon (purchase)<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Competition Policy and Price Fixing <\/em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691158624\/competition-policy-and-price-fixing\">Princeton University Press<\/a>, 2013). &nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Competition-Policy-Price-Fixing-Kaplow\/dp\/0691158622\/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1370980217&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=competition+policy+and+price+fixing\">Amazon (purchase)<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Textbooks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Antitrust Analysis<\/em>&nbsp;(with Phillip Areeda &amp; Aaron Edlin) (8th ed.; Aspen Publishers, 2021).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Antitrust-Analysis-Problems-Cases-Casebook\/dp\/154380439X\/\">Amazon (purchase)<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Previous editions of <em>Antitrust Analysis<\/em>:<br><em>Antitrust Analysis,&nbsp;<\/em>7th Edition (2013)<br><em>Antitrust Analysis<\/em>, 6th Edition (2004)<br><em>Antitrust Analysis<\/em>, 5th Edition (1997)<br><em>Antitrust Analysis<\/em>, 4th Edition (1988)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Journal Articles, Book Chapters, and Encyclopedia Entries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Out of Market, Out of Mind, <em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 87, no 2, pp. 547-592 (2026). [<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6077535\">SSRN<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/laweconcenter.law.harvard.edu\/1123-louis-kaplow-out-of-market-out-of-mind\/\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Improving Economic Analysis in Merger Guidelines, <em>Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em>, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 29-52 (2025). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/jep.20241413\">Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5146782\">SSRN<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2023 Merger Guidelines and Market Definition: Doubling Down or Folding?, <em>Review of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 65, 7-37 (2024). [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11151-024-09958-w\">Review of Industrial Organization<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5146787\">SSRN<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Competition Policy in a Simple General Equilibrium Model, <em>Journal of Political Economic Microeconomics<\/em>, vol. 1, 80-114 (2023).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/10.1086\/722154\">Journal of Political Economics: Microeconomics<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w28482.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">NBER<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1054.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entry and Merger Analysis, <em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 85, pp. 103-146 (2023). [<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4335811\">SSRN<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1092.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Replacing the Structural Presumption, <em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 84, pp. 565-627 (2022).&nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1076.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Power and Income Taxation, <em>American Economic Journal: Economic Policy<\/em>, vol. 13, pp. 329-354 (2021).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/pol.20200103\">American Economic Journal: Economic Policy<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w25578.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">NBER<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_994.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Horizonal Merger Analysis, <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 79, 102714 (2021).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167718721000072\">International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w28189.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">NBER<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1049.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efficiencies in Merger Analysis, <em>Antitrust Law Journal,<\/em> vol. 83, pp. 557-619 (2021).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27304193\">Antitrust Law Journal<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1056.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optimal Regulation with Exemptions, <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 66, pp. 1-39 (2019).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2019.04.003\">International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w23887.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">NBER<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_934.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Balancing Versus Structured Decision Procedures: Antitrust, Title VII Disparate Impact, and Constitutional Law Strict Scrutiny, <em>University of Pennsylvania Law Review<\/em>, vol. 167, pp. 1375-1462 (2019).&nbsp;&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.upenn.edu\/penn_law_review\/vol167\/iss6\/2\/\">University of Pennsylvania Law Review<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_1000.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Price-Fixing Policy, <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 61, pp. 749-776 (2018).&nbsp;&nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_945.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recoupment and Predatory Pricing Analysis, <em>Journal of Legal Analysis<\/em>, vol. 10, pp. 1-67 (2018).&nbsp;&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27006817\">JSTOR<\/a>] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_979.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">[Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the Relevance of Market Power,&nbsp;<em>Harvard Law Review<\/em>, vol. 130, pp. 1303-1407 (2017).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/harvardlawreview.org\/print\/vol-130\/on-the-relevance-of-market-power\/\">Harvard Law Review<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_886.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Meaning of Vertical Agreement and the Structure of Competition Law,&nbsp;<em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 80, pp. 563-630 (2016).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26411530\">JSTOR<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_860.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Definition, Market Power,&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 43, pp. 148-161 (2015).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2015.05.001\">International Journal of Industrial Organization<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21167.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">NBER<\/a>]&nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_826.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Definition, in&nbsp;<em>Oxford Handbook of International Antitrust Economics<\/em>, (Blair &amp; Sokol, eds.; Oxford University Press, 2015), 345-363.&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199859191.013.0015\">Oxford Academic<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_745.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Definition: Impossible and Counterproductive,&nbsp;<em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 79, 361-379 (2013).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43486961\">Antitrust Law Journal<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_765.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the Choice of Welfare Standards in Competition Law, in&nbsp;<em>Goals of Competition Law<\/em>&nbsp;(Zimmer, ed.; Edward Elgar, 2012), 3-26.&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/9780857936615.00007\">Elgar Online<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_693.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Definition Alchemy,&nbsp;<em>Antitrust Bulletin<\/em>, vol. 57, 915-952 (2012).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003603X1205700406\">The Antitrust Bulletin<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_746.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct versus Communications-Based Prohibitions on Price Fixing,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Legal Analysis<\/em>, vol. 3, 449-538 (2011).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jla\/lar005\">Journal of Legal Analysis<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Definition and the Merger Guidelines,&nbsp;<em>Review of Industrial Organization<\/em>, vol. 39, 107-125 (2011).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23885239\">JSTOR<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_695.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An Economic Approach to Price Fixing,&nbsp;<em>Antitrust Law Journal<\/em>, vol. 77, 343-449 (2011).&nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/faculty\/kaplow\/pdfs\/atj_77_2.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Antitrust Law Journal<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the Meaning of Horizontal Agreements in Competition Law,&nbsp;<em>California Law Review<\/em>, vol. 99, 683-818 (2011).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15779\/Z38499J\">California Law Review<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Market Share Thresholds: On the Conflation of Empirical Assessments and Legal Policy Judgments,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Competition Law &amp; Economics<\/em>, vol. 7, 243\u2013276 (2011).&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joclec\/nhq031\">Journal of Competition Law &amp; Economics<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_692.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why (Ever) Define Markets?,&nbsp;<em>Harvard Law Review<\/em>, vol. 124, 437-517 (2010). [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.harvardlawreview.org\/media\/pdf\/vol_12402kaplow.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Harvard Law Review<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antitrust, in&nbsp;<em>Handbook of Law and Economics<\/em>&nbsp;(Polinsky &amp; Shavell, eds.; Elsevier, 2007), vol. 2, pp. 1072-1225. (With Carl Shapiro)&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1574-0730(07)02015-4\">Handbook of Law and Economics<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w12867\">NBER<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/Kaplow_Shapiro_575.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comment on Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property.&nbsp;<em>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics<\/em>, pp. 337-344 (1997).&nbsp;[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.harvard.edu\/programs\/olin_center\/papers\/pdf\/217.pdf\" class=\"mtli_attachment mtli_pdf\">Olin Center WP &#8211; A Note on Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concentration in the Israeli Economy and Bank Investment in Nonfinancial Companies (with Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried),&nbsp;<em>The Economic Quarterly<\/em>, vol. 42, 643-70 (1996) (in Hebrew). John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business (Harvard Law School) Discussion Paper No. 209 (January 1997) (in English).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An Ex Ante Perspective on Deregulation, Viewed Ex Post,&nbsp;<em>Resource and Energy Economics<\/em>, vol. 15, 153-173 (1993). [<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0928-7655(93)90002-C\">Resource and Energy Economics<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antitrust, Law &amp; Economics, and the Courts,&nbsp;<em>Law and Contemporary Problems<\/em>, vol. 50, 181-216 (1987). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1191460\">Law and Contemporary Problems<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extension of Monopoly Power Through Leverage,&nbsp;<em>Columbia Law Review<\/em>, vol. 85, 515-556 (1985). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1122511\">Columbia Law Review<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Patent-Antitrust Intersection: A Reappraisal,&nbsp;<em>Harvard Law Review<\/em>, vol. 97, 1813-1892 (1984). [<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1340932\">JSTOR<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Accuracy of Traditional Market Power Analysis and A Direct Adjustment Alternative,&nbsp;<em>Harvard Law Review<\/em>, vol. 95, 1817-1848 (1982). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1340650\">Harvard Law Review<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Books Academic Books Rethinking Merger Analysis (MIT Press, 2024). [Amazon (purchase)] Competition Policy and Price Fixing (Princeton University Press, 2013). &nbsp;[Amazon (purchase)] Textbooks Antitrust Analysis&nbsp;(with Phillip Areeda &amp; Aaron Edlin) (8th ed.; Aspen Publishers, 2021).&nbsp;[Amazon (purchase)] Previous editions of Antitrust Analysis:Antitrust Analysis,&nbsp;7th Edition (2013)Antitrust Analysis, 6th Edition (2004)Antitrust Analysis, 5th Edition (1997)Antitrust Analysis, 4th Edition &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/antitrust\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Antitrust and Industrial Organization<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-86","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/86\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faculty.law.harvard.edu\/louis-kaplow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}