Real Estate Transactions

Covenants no longer strictly construed to reduce encumbrances on land but are now interpreted to achieve the intent of the parties

/ Consumer Protection, Real Estate Transactions, Servitudes

A New Mexico Appeals Court joined the modern trend in rejecting the interpretive rule that covenants should be narrowly construed, instead adopting the modern approach of interpreting the grant to achieve the grantor’s intent. Agua Fria Save The Open Space Ass’n v. Rowe, 255 P.3d 390 (N.M. 2011). When the language of the grant is unclear, “evidence of the circumstances surrounding the making of the contract and of any relevant usage of trade, course of dealing, and course of performance” is relevant in interpreting the government documents. 255 P.2d at 395.

Court rules that designated open space on plat is insufficient to establish an easement absent proof the developer induced buyers to purchase in reliance on promises of open space

/ Consumer Protection, Easements, Estates and Future Interests, Real Estate Transactions, Statute of Frauds

Disagreeing with the ruling of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Reagan v. Brissey, 844 N.E.2d 672 (Mass. 2006), an appeals court in New Mexico held that open space designated on a recorded plat is not sufficient to create an easement of access by owners of lots on the map in the absence of evidence the developer made representations to buyers inducing them to buy in reliance on promises those lots would remain open. The mere presence of open space on the map was insufficient to prevent the developer from selling that open space for development purposes. Agua Fria Save The Open Space Ass’n v. Rowe, 255 P.3d 390 (N.M. 2011)

Possibility of reverter enforced by Tennessee court with award of damages for lost rental income

/ Estates and Future Interests, Real Estate Transactions

An appeals court in Tennessee correctly interprets a conveyance which provided that the lot “shall automatically revert to Seller in fee simple” if the buyer did not comply with stated conditions created a fee simple determinable with a possibility of reverter. Lasater v. Hawkins, 2011 WL 4790971 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2011). The court not only enforced the condition, finding title to have automatically reverted to the seller but granted the seller (and possibility of reverter owner) five years of rent that the present estate owner had collected since the condition was violated.

New Jersey Supreme Court allows foreclosure despite faulty procedures

/ Mortgages, Real Estate Transactions

In US Bank Nat’l Ass’n v. Guillaume, 38 A.3d 570 (N.J. 2012), the Supreme Court of New Jersey applied the equitable doctrine of substantial compliance to allow a bank to foreclose despite its failure to include the name and address of the actual lender on the notice of intent to foreclose as required by state law. The notice actually only included the name of the mortgage service, not the mortgage lender. Dismissal without prejudice is not the exclusive remedy for the service of a notice of intention to foreclose that does not satisfy Fair Foreclosure Act’s requirement that a notice of intention include the name and address of the actual lender. Instead, the trial court may dismiss the action without prejudice, order the service of a corrected notice, or impose another remedy appropriate to the circumstances of the case; overruling Bank of N.Y. v. Laks, 27 A.3d 1222 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2011).

Automatic reverter creates fee simple determinable

/ Estates and Future Interests, Real Estate Transactions, Restraints on Alienation

In a straightforward application of traditional doctrine, a Tennessee court ruled that a deed condition that stated that a lot “shall automatically revert to Seller in fee simple” if the buyer does not comply with stated conditions (to install a waterline within a year) creates a fee simple determinable that transfers title automatically. Lasater v. Hawkins, 2011 WL 4790971 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2011)

Banks as landlords

/ Consumer Protection, Leaseholds, Mortgages, Real Estate Transactions

Banks that have obtained title to foreclosed properties traditionally would sell them quickly but the current real estate malaise resulting from the subprime crisis has made it difficult for them to do so. The result is that many properties remain on the books of the banks. Under state property law, the banks have the obligations all landowners have to comply with housing codes and the warranty of habitability. But many banks do not have established procedures for keeping track of all the individual properties they own, especially when the mortgages to those properties were securitized, making the owner of the trust that owns those mortgages the effective landlord of thousands of homes. Both localities and tenants are having to deal with the failure of banks to comply with regulations mandating maintenance of rental properties. read article.

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